{"id":9008,"date":"2026-11-05T10:55:59","date_gmt":"2026-11-05T10:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/cold-climate-commercial-vehicle-batteries\/"},"modified":"2026-11-05T10:55:59","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T10:55:59","slug":"cold-climate-commercial-vehicle-batteries","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/cold-climate-commercial-vehicle-batteries\/","title":{"rendered":"Cold Climate &#038; Commercial Vehicle Batteries"},"content":{"rendered":"<style id=\"hb-applications-css\">.page-header{display:none!important}main.site-main.page,main.site-main.page .page-content{max-width:none!important;width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.hb-page{--ink:#0B141E;--body:#475569;--mut:#64748B;--line:#E2E8F0;--tint:#F8FAFC;--green:#23A455;--green-ink:#19763D;--green-wash:#ECFDF5;--dark:#0B141E;--on-dark:#CBD5E1;font-family:'Inter',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Roboto,Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--body);font-size:16px;line-height:1.65;background:#fff}.hb-page *,.hb-page *::before,.hb-page *::after{box-sizing:border-box}.hb-page h1,.hb-page h2,.hb-page h3{font-family:'Archivo',-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:-.02em;line-height:1.15;margin:0;text-wrap:balance}.hb-page p{margin:0}.hb-page img{max-width:100%}.hb-page a{color:var(--green-ink);text-decoration:none}.hb-page a:not(.hb-btn):hover{text-decoration:underline}.hb-page a:focus-visible,.hb-page summary:focus-visible,.hb-page [tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--green);outline-offset:3px}.hb-wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px}.hb-page .hb-hero{background:var(--dark);color:var(--on-dark);padding:44px 0 0}.hb-page .hb-hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr 1fr;gap:40px;align-items:center;padding-bottom:64px}.hb-page .hb-hero-grid>*{min-width:0}.hb-page .hb-hero h1{color:#fff;font-size:42px;font-weight:700;max-width:22ch}.hb-page .hb-lead{max-width:60ch;margin-top:20px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--on-dark)}.hb-page .hb-lead strong{color:#fff;font-weight:600}.hb-page .hb-hero-cta{margin-top:28px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}.hb-page .hb-toc{margin-top:22px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.hb-page .hb-toc a{font-size:13.5px;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22);color:var(--on-dark);padding:5px 12px;border-radius:9999px}.hb-page .hb-toc a:hover{border-color:var(--green);color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.hb-page .hb-btn{display:inline-block;min-height:48px;max-width:100%;padding:13px 26px;border-radius:8px;font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.05em;text-align:center;transition:transform .25s,box-shadow .25s,background .2s}.hb-page a.hb-btn-primary{background:var(--green);color:#fff}.hb-page a.hb-btn-primary:hover{background:var(--green-ink);color:#fff;transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(35,164,85,.3);text-decoration:none}.hb-page a.hb-btn-ghost{border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);color:#fff}.hb-page a.hb-btn-ghost:hover{border-color:var(--green);text-decoration:none}.hb-page .hb-mosaic{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:12px}.hb-page .hb-mosaic.four{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}.hb-page .hb-mosaic.three>a:first-child{grid-row:span 2;aspect-ratio:auto}.hb-page .hb-mosaic a{display:block;position:relative;background:var(--tint);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;aspect-ratio:1\/1;max-width:100%;transition:transform .2s,box-shadow .2s}.hb-page .hb-mosaic a:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.35);text-decoration:none}.hb-page .hb-mosaic img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;display:block;padding:6%}.hb-page .hb-mosaic span{position:absolute;left:8px;bottom:8px;right:8px;width:max-content;max-width:calc(100% - 16px);background:rgba(11,20,30,.8);color:#fff;font:600 12px\/1.3 'Inter',sans-serif;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:6px}.hb-page .hb-section-nav{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-section-nav .hb-wrap{display:flex;gap:8px 24px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-top:14px;padding-bottom:14px}.hb-page .hb-section-nav a{font-size:14px;padding:4px 0;color:var(--body)}.hb-page .hb-section-nav a:hover{color:var(--green);text-decoration:none}.hb-page .hb-section-nav a[aria-current=\"page\"]{color:var(--green-ink);font-weight:700;border-bottom:2px solid var(--green)}.hb-page .hb-section-nav~section{scroll-margin-top:20px}.hb-page .hb-sec{padding:56px 0}.hb-page .hb-sec.tint{background:var(--tint)}.hb-page .hb-sec-h{font-size:32px;font-weight:700;max-width:32ch}.hb-page .hb-sub{margin-top:20px;max-width:66ch;color:var(--mut);font-size:17px}.hb-page .hb-prose{max-width:76ch}.hb-page .hb-prose p{margin-top:16px}.hb-page .hb-note{margin-top:16px;font-size:14px;color:var(--mut);max-width:80ch}.hb-page .hb-kpis{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px}.hb-page .hb-kpis div{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:20px;background:#fff}.hb-page .hb-kpis b{display:block;font:700 28px 'Archivo',sans-serif;color:var(--green-ink);letter-spacing:-.01em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.hb-page .hb-kpis span{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:14px;color:var(--mut)}.hb-page .hb-tablewrap{margin-top:28px;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff}.hb-page table.hb-spec{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15.5px;min-width:640px}.hb-page .hb-spec th,.hb-page .hb-spec td{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.hb-page .hb-spec thead th{background:var(--tint);font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);font-size:14.5px}.hb-page .hb-spec tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}.hb-page .hb-spec td:first-child{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-spec td a{font-weight:600}.hb-page .hb-calc{margin-top:28px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff}.hb-page .hb-calc .hd{background:var(--dark);color:#fff;padding:14px 22px;font:600 15px 'Archivo',sans-serif;letter-spacing:.02em}.hb-page .hb-calc ol{margin:0;padding:18px 22px 18px 44px}.hb-page .hb-calc li{padding:8px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);font-size:15.5px}.hb-page .hb-calc li:last-child{border-bottom:0}.hb-page .hb-calc code{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:14px;background:var(--green-wash);color:var(--green-ink);padding:2px 6px;border-radius:4px;white-space:nowrap}.hb-page .hb-calc .res{background:var(--green-wash);padding:14px 22px;font-size:15.5px;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-calc .res b{color:var(--green-ink)}.hb-page .hb-cover{margin:32px 0 0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-cover>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:240px 1fr;gap:32px;padding:22px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-cover dt{margin:0;font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:17px;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-cover dd{margin:0;font-size:16px}.hb-page .hb-two{margin-top:28px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px}.hb-page .hb-two>div{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:24px;background:#fff}.hb-page .hb-two h3{font-size:19px;margin-bottom:10px}.hb-page .hb-two ul{margin:10px 0 0;padding-left:20px}.hb-page .hb-two li{margin:6px 0;font-size:15.5px}.hb-page .hb-fail{margin-top:28px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-fail>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr) 150px;gap:24px;align-items:center;padding:18px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-fail b{font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);font-size:16.5px}.hb-page .hb-fail .track{height:10px;background:var(--line);border-radius:2px;overflow:hidden}.hb-page .hb-fail .track i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--green)}.hb-page .hb-fail .pct{font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.hb-page .hb-fail .pct span{display:block;font-family:'Inter',sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--mut)}.hb-page .hb-callout{margin-top:32px;background:var(--green-wash);border-left:4px solid var(--green);border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;padding:22px 26px;max-width:760px}.hb-page .hb-callout strong{color:var(--green-ink)}.hb-page .hb-case{margin-top:28px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:36px;align-items:center;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff;padding:32px}.hb-page .hb-case img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;background:var(--tint)}.hb-page .hb-case .tag{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:700;color:var(--green);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.04em}.hb-page .hb-case h3{margin-top:8px;font-size:24px}.hb-page .hb-case dl{margin:18px 0 0}.hb-page .hb-case dt{font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--mut);margin-top:14px}.hb-page .hb-case dd{margin:2px 0 0;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-tiers{margin-top:32px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:24px}.hb-page .hb-tier{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;padding:24px;background:#fff}.hb-page .hb-tier .bar{height:8px;background:var(--line);border-radius:2px;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:18px}.hb-page .hb-tier .bar i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--green)}.hb-page .hb-tier:nth-child(1) .bar i{width:12%}.hb-page .hb-tier:nth-child(2) .bar i{width:45%}.hb-page .hb-tier:nth-child(3) .bar i{width:100%}.hb-page .hb-tier b{display:block;font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.hb-page .hb-tier span{display:block;margin-top:8px;font-size:15px;color:var(--mut)}.hb-page .hb-faq{margin-top:28px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-faq details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.hb-page .hb-faq summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;padding:22px 4px;font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:17.5px;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.hb-page .hb-faq summary::after{content:\"+\";flex:none;font-size:24px;color:var(--green);line-height:1;transition:transform .2s}.hb-page .hb-faq details[open] summary::after{transform:rotate(45deg)}.hb-page .hb-faq .a{padding:0 4px 24px;max-width:70ch;font-size:16px}.hb-page .hb-reading{margin-top:28px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px}.hb-page .hb-reading a,.hb-page .hb-app{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:#fff;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s,transform .2s}.hb-page .hb-reading a{display:block;padding:20px 22px;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-reading a:hover,.hb-page a.hb-app:hover{border-color:var(--green);box-shadow:0 14px 28px rgba(35,164,85,.12);transform:translateY(-2px);text-decoration:none}.hb-page .hb-reading b{display:block;font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-size:16.5px;font-weight:600}.hb-page .hb-reading span{display:block;margin-top:6px;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--mut)}.hb-page .hb-apps{margin-top:32px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px}.hb-page .hb-app{display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden;color:var(--body)}.hb-page .hb-app .img{aspect-ratio:4\/3;max-width:100%;background:var(--tint);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden}.hb-page .hb-app .img img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}.hb-page .hb-app .body{padding:20px 22px 22px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;flex:1}.hb-page .hb-app b{font-family:'Archivo',sans-serif;font-size:19px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}.hb-page .hb-app .v{align-self:flex-start;background:var(--green-wash);color:var(--green-ink);padding:2px 10px;border-radius:9999px;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.03em;text-transform:uppercase}.hb-page .hb-app p{font-size:15px}.hb-page .hb-app .more{margin-top:auto;padding-top:8px;font-weight:600;color:var(--green-ink);font-size:15px}.hb-page .hb-app.guide{background:var(--tint);justify-content:center}.hb-page .hb-app.guide .body{justify-content:center}.hb-page .hb-related{margin-top:28px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 28px;font-size:15.5px}.hb-page .hb-related a{font-weight:600}.hb-page .hb-quote{background:var(--dark);color:var(--on-dark);padding:64px 0}.hb-page .hb-quote h2{color:#fff}.hb-page .hb-quote .hb-sub{color:var(--on-dark);max-width:none}.hb-page .hb-sendlist{margin-top:32px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:2px 40px;list-style:none;padding:0;font-size:16px}.hb-page .hb-sendlist li{padding:10px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);color:var(--on-dark)}.hb-page .hb-sendlist li::before{content:\"\u2713\";color:var(--green);font-weight:700;margin-right:10px}@media(max-width:900px){.hb-page .hb-hero-grid,.hb-page .hb-two,.hb-page .hb-case,.hb-page .hb-reading{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hb-page .hb-hero{padding-top:32px}.hb-page .hb-sec{padding:40px 0}.hb-page .hb-kpis{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.hb-page .hb-cover>div,.hb-page .hb-fail>div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}.hb-page .hb-tiers,.hb-page .hb-sendlist{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hb-page .hb-apps{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.hb-page .hb-case{padding:22px}}@media(max-width:600px){.hb-page h1{font-size:30px;max-width:none}.hb-page .hb-sec-h{font-size:26px}.hb-wrap{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.hb-page .hb-lead{font-size:16px}.hb-page .hb-btn{padding:12px 18px;font-size:14px}.hb-page .hb-apps{grid-template-columns:1fr}.hb-page .hb-mosaic.four{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.hb-page table.hb-spec{min-width:600px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.hb-page *{transition:none!important}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"hb-page\"><header class=\"hb-hero on-dark\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><div class=\"hb-hero-grid\"><div><h1>Batteries for Cold Climates, Trucks and Heavy Equipment<\/h1><p class=\"hb-lead\"><strong>Sodium-ion and heated LiFePO4<\/strong> for truck starting, parking air-conditioning and equipment that must start, work and charge below freezing. Cold breaks lithium batteries in two ways: voltage sags under load, and charging below freezing plates lithium and destroys capacity. We design around both.<\/p><div class=\"hb-hero-cta\"><a class=\"hb-btn hb-btn-primary\" href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/contact\/\">Send your cold-weather requirements<\/a><\/div><nav class=\"hb-toc\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><a href=\"#builds\">Reference builds<\/a><a href=\"#chemistry\">Sodium-ion vs heated LFP<\/a><a href=\"#sizing\">Parking AC sizing<\/a><a href=\"#case\">\u221225\u00b0C case study<\/a><a href=\"#heating\">Heating design<\/a><a href=\"#faq\">FAQ<\/a><\/nav><\/div><div class=\"hb-mosaic\"><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-12v-50ah-sodium-ion-battery-group-h9\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/12V-50Ah-Sodium-Ion-Battery-H9.png\" alt=\"12V 50Ah sodium-ion H9 custom battery pack\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><span>12V 50Ah sodium-ion H9<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-lithium-heavy-truck-starter-battery-24v-280ah\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Lithium-Heavy-Truck-Starter-Battery-24V280Ah.png\" alt=\"24V 280Ah heated LFP custom battery pack\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" loading=\"lazy\"><span>24V 280Ah heated LFP<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-24v-300ah-battery-for-truck-parking-air-conditioner\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/25.6V300Ah.png\" alt=\"24V 300Ah parking AC custom battery pack\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" loading=\"lazy\"><span>24V 300Ah parking AC<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-12v-10ah-sodium-ion-battery\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/12V-10Ah-Sodium-Ion-Battery.png\" alt=\"12V 10Ah sodium-ion custom battery pack\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" loading=\"lazy\"><span>12V 10Ah sodium-ion<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><nav class=\"hb-section-nav\" aria-label=\"Battery applications\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/\">All applications<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/marine-battery-packs\/\">Marine<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/agv-mobile-robot-batteries\/\">AGV &amp; Robots<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/forklift-batteries\/\">Forklifts<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/golf-cart-lsv-batteries\/\">Golf Carts &amp; LSVs<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/energy-storage-batteries\/\">Energy Storage<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/drone-uav-batteries\/\">Drones &amp; UAVs<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/applications\/cold-climate-commercial-vehicle-batteries\/\" aria-current=\"page\">Cold Climate &amp; Trucks<\/a><\/div><\/nav><section class=\"hb-sec\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><div class=\"hb-kpis\"><div><b>\u221240\u00b0C<\/b><span>Lower operating limit of our sodium-ion starter range<\/span><\/div><div><b>88.9%<\/b><span>Sodium-ion capacity at \u221220\u00b0C in our lab test (0.5C)<\/span><\/div><div><b>\u221230\u00b0C<\/b><span>Rated low limit of our heated 24V 280Ah truck pack<\/span><\/div><div><b>32% \u2192 &lt;2%<\/b><span>Winter capacity loss before and after our excavator redesign<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec tint\" id=\"builds\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Cold-weather applications we build for<\/h2><div class=\"hb-tablewrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Cold weather applications and reference packs\"><table class=\"hb-spec\"><thead><tr><th>Application<\/th><th>Chemistry<\/th><th>What drives the design<\/th><th>Reference packs<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Car and van start-stop (H5\u2013H9 sizes)<\/td><td>Sodium-ion<\/td><td>Cold cranking amps at low temperature, AGM-size replacement<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-12v-30ah-sodium-ion-battery\/\">12V 30Ah H5, 750 CCA<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-12v-40ah-sodium-ion-battery-group-h8\/\">12V 40Ah H8, 850 CCA<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-12v-50ah-sodium-ion-battery-group-h9\/\">12V 50Ah H9, 1000 CCA<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Motorcycles and powersports<\/td><td>Sodium-ion<\/td><td>Small case, starting from \u221240\u00b0C to 80\u00b0C<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-12v-10ah-sodium-ion-battery\/\">12V 10Ah, 250 CCA<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heavy truck starting and house power<\/td><td>Heated LiFePO4<\/td><td>Large energy plus cranking, self-heating down to \u221230\u00b0C<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-lithium-heavy-truck-starter-battery-24v-280ah\/\">24V 280Ah, 7.16kWh<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Truck parking air-conditioning<\/td><td>LiFePO4<\/td><td>Running the cab AC overnight without idling the engine<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-24v-300ah-battery-for-truck-parking-air-conditioner\/\">24V 300Ah<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electric construction equipment<\/td><td>Heated, insulated LiFePO4<\/td><td>Burst current at sub-zero temperatures, safe charging outdoors<\/td><td>Custom design (see case study)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Off-grid sensors, trackers, telecom<\/td><td>Sodium-ion<\/td><td>Charging from solar in winter without heaters, long storage<\/td><td>Custom design<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec\" id=\"chemistry\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Sodium-ion or heated LiFePO4?<\/h2><div class=\"hb-prose\"><p>LiFePO4 can discharge in deep cold but must not be charged below freezing without heating: below about 0\u00b0C, and severely below \u221220\u00b0C, lithium plates onto the anode instead of entering it, which permanently loses capacity and can create internal shorts. Heating fixes that, at the cost of energy, heaters, sensors and BMS logic that can themselves fail.<\/p><p>Sodium-ion keeps far more of its capacity in the cold and charges safely at \u221220\u00b0C without heaters in our validation. It stores less energy per kilogram, so it suits starting and intermittently charged equipment better than long-range traction. More: <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/sodium-ion-vs-heated-lfp-why-we-removed-the-heating-pads\/\">Sodium-Ion vs Heated LFP: Why We Removed the Heating Pads<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"hb-tablewrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Sodium-ion vs low temperature LFP\"><table class=\"hb-spec\"><thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Premium low-temperature LFP<\/th><th>Sodium-ion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Discharge capacity at \u221220\u00b0C<\/td><td>75% (at 1C)<\/td><td>88.9% (at 0.5C)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Charging below freezing<\/td><td>Heating required<\/td><td>Validated at \u221220\u00b0C without heating<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy lost to heating<\/td><td>Often 10\u201315% of winter solar yield<\/td><td>None<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Storage at 0V<\/td><td>Damages the copper current collector<\/td><td>Recovered to full capacity after 24 h shorted at 0V in our cell test<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy density<\/td><td>Higher<\/td><td>Lower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Best fit<\/td><td>Maximum runtime, heated or indoor equipment<\/td><td>Starting, outdoor and solar-charged equipment, long storage<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"hb-note\">Figures from our laboratory tests on specific cells; your cells and conditions will differ. Background: <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/sodium-ion-vs-lithium-ion-battery\/\">Sodium battery vs lithium battery<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/lithium-batteries-in-cold-weather\/\">lithium batteries in cold weather<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec tint\" id=\"sizing\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Sizing a parking air-conditioning battery<\/h2><div class=\"hb-prose\"><p>A parking AC battery has to run the cab overnight without idling the engine, then recharge from the alternator or shore power during the next day&#8217;s driving. Size it from the AC unit&#8217;s <strong>average<\/strong> draw over the night, not its maximum rating: the compressor cycles, and the average is usually well below the nameplate. Keep engine starting on a separate battery so the AC can never leave the truck unable to start.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"hb-calc\"><div class=\"hd\">Worked example: 24V sleeper cab, overnight rest (illustrative numbers)<\/div><ol><li>Average AC draw over the night, logged or from the AC maker: <code>800 W<\/code><\/li><li>Rest period: <code>8 h<\/code> \u2192 energy needed <code>800 \u00d7 8 = 6.4 kWh<\/code><\/li><li>Pack: <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/product\/custom-24v-300ah-battery-for-truck-parking-air-conditioner\/\">24V 300Ah<\/a> (8S LiFePO4, 25.6V nominal) \u2192 <code>25.6 \u00d7 300 \u2248 7.68 kWh<\/code> rated, <code>\u2248 6.9 kWh<\/code> usable at 90%<\/li><li>Recharge during driving at 100A from the alternator: <code>6.4 kWh \u00f7 (25.6 V \u00d7 100 A) \u2248 2.5 h<\/code><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"res\">Result: <b>24V 300Ah<\/b> covers an 8-hour night at 800 W with about 8% margin. For longer rests, hotter climates or higher AC power, size up. In winter the same pack must not be charged below freezing unless it is heated, so cold-route trucks need the <b>heated<\/b> version.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec\" id=\"case\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Case study: electric excavators at \u221225\u00b0C<\/h2><div class=\"hb-prose\"><p>A fleet of 50 electric excavators in the Oslo region ran standard 48V 400Ah LFP packs with no preheating and no low-temperature charge interlock. At \u221225\u00b0C, hydraulic pumps drew bursts up to 300A, the pack voltage sagged below the machine&#8217;s 36V undervoltage limit, and operators restarted machines four to five times a shift. Charging cold cells cost the packs about 30% of their capacity in one winter.<\/p><p>We redesigned the pack as a thermal-electrical system: polyimide heater films between modules (\u221225\u00b0C to 15\u00b0C in about 45 minutes on grid power), 3 mm aerogel insulation that held the core above 15\u00b0C through two idle hours at \u221225\u00b0C, and a BMS that routes incoming power to the heaters first and allows charging only above 15\u00b0C.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"hb-tablewrap\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Excavator case study results\"><table class=\"hb-spec\"><thead><tr><th>300A pulse at \u221225\u00b0C ambient<\/th><th>Original pack<\/th><th>Redesigned pack<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Core temperature at test start<\/td><td>\u221225\u00b0C<\/td><td>18\u00b0C (preheated)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voltage sag during the pulse<\/td><td>14.2V<\/td><td>3.1V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Charging below freezing<\/td><td>Allowed<\/td><td>Blocked until 15\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capacity loss after one winter-equivalent season<\/td><td>32%<\/td><td>&lt; 2%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"hb-note\">The fleet then ran two winters with no battery replacements attributed to cold charging and no reported cold-weather shutdowns; the customer estimated the extra engineering cost was recovered in about four months. Full write-up: <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/electric-excavator-battery-cold-weather-case-study\/\">Electric Excavator Battery Case Study<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec tint\" id=\"heating\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Designing a heated LiFePO4 pack<\/h2><dl class=\"hb-cover\"><div><dt>Heater power and placement<\/dt><dd>Heater films between modules rather than on the outside, so every cell warms evenly. Heat flux and warm-up time are set against the coldest ambient and the time available before work starts.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Insulation<\/dt><dd>Insulation keeps the heat once the pack is warm, which matters more than heater power for equipment that idles outdoors.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Charge interlock<\/dt><dd>The BMS powers the heaters from the charger first and enables charging only above a validated cell temperature. Without this interlock a heated pack still plates lithium.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Peak current in the cold<\/dt><dd>Cell resistance rises in the cold, so the pack is sized to hold the machine&#8217;s undervoltage limit at its burst current and lowest operating temperature, not at 25\u00b0C.<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Cranking<\/dt><dd>For starting batteries, cold cranking amps (CCA) are specified at low temperature. Our 12V lithium starters range up to 1800 CCA; see <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/what-does-cca-mean-on-a-battery\/\">what CCA means<\/a>.<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Lead time and order quantity<\/h2><p class=\"hb-sub\">From a locked specification: samples in 12\u201315 working days when cells are in stock, 20\u201325 when cells must be sourced; production in 30\u201335 working days. From the first design conversation: about 4 weeks for a finalised design with no new tooling, 8\u201312 weeks for a typical custom project, 14\u201318 weeks when certification is in scope. How each phase works: <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/custom-batteries\/\">custom battery pack development process<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/battery-pack-manufacturing\/\">our manufacturing capabilities<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"hb-tiers\"><div class=\"hb-tier\"><div class=\"bar\"><i><\/i><\/div><b>No MOQ<\/b><span>When no tooling and no custom BMS firmware are needed.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"hb-tier\"><div class=\"bar\"><i><\/i><\/div><b>100+<\/b><span>Once tooling or custom BMS firmware enters the project.<\/span><\/div><div class=\"hb-tier\"><div class=\"bar\"><i><\/i><\/div><b>300\u2013500<\/b><span>For heavily customised packs with certification.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec tint\" id=\"faq\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Cold-weather battery questions<\/h2><div class=\"hb-faq\"><details><summary>Can LiFePO4 batteries be charged below freezing?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Not safely without heating. Below freezing, lithium plates onto the anode during charge, permanently reducing capacity and raising the risk of internal shorts. A heated pack with a temperature-gated charge interlock solves it.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is sodium-ion a drop-in replacement for an AGM starter battery?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Our sodium-ion start-stop batteries come in standard H5 to H9 sizes. Check the vehicle&#8217;s charging voltage and any battery-monitoring sensor before switching.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long does a heated battery take to warm up?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">It depends on heater power, insulation and pack mass. In our excavator project the pack went from \u221225\u00b0C to 15\u00b0C in about 45 minutes on grid power.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Will a parking air-conditioning battery last the night?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Size it from the AC unit&#8217;s average power and the hours you need. For example, a 24V 300Ah pack holds about 7.7 kWh, roughly 7 kWh usable.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What about very cold storage and shipping?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Sodium-ion tolerates storage at low states of charge far better than lithium. All packs ship under the relevant dangerous-goods rules for their chemistry, confirmed per order.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-sec\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Further reading<\/h2><div class=\"hb-reading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/electric-excavator-battery-cold-weather-case-study\/\"><b>Electric Excavator Case Study at \u221225\u00b0C<\/b><span>The full redesign and test data.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/sodium-ion-vs-heated-lfp-why-we-removed-the-heating-pads\/\"><b>Sodium-Ion vs Heated LFP<\/b><span>Why we stopped adding heaters for some applications.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/heated-lithium-batteries\/\"><b>Heated Lithium Batteries<\/b><span>How self-heating packs work.<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/lithium-battery-temperature-range\/\"><b>Lithium Battery Temperature Range<\/b><span>Charge and discharge limits by chemistry.<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"hb-quote\"><div class=\"hb-wrap\"><h2 class=\"hb-sec-h\">Send your cold-weather requirements<\/h2><p class=\"hb-sub\">An engineer replies with questions or a proposed configuration. The more of this list you can share, the faster we can quote:<\/p><ul class=\"hb-sendlist\"><li>Equipment or vehicle type<\/li><li>Lowest ambient temperature, and where the battery sits<\/li><li>System voltage and controller or starter requirements<\/li><li>Burst current and duration, or CCA required<\/li><li>Energy needed per shift or per night<\/li><li>How and when the battery is charged<\/li><li>Size and weight limits<\/li><li>Annual volume<\/li><\/ul><a class=\"hb-btn hb-btn-primary\" style=\"margin-top:32px\" href=\"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/contact\/\">Send your cold-weather requirements<\/a><\/div><\/section><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sodium-ion and heated LiFePO4 for truck starting, parking AC and equipment down to -40\u00b0C. Chemistry choice and a -25\u00b0C excavator case study.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9002,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"class_list":["post-9008","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9008\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/holobattery.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}