주요 시사점:
- Overcharging, physical damage, manufacturing defects, and temperature extremes are primary causes of lithium battery leaks.
- Proper storage, using the right charger, regular inspections, and careful handling can prevent leaks.
- Immediate containment, safe disposal, and cleanup are essential if a leak occurs.
리튬 배터리 can leak fluids if their internal components become damaged. However, modern lithium batteries have more safeguards and are very unlikely to leak during normal use. With proper handling, lithium battery leaks are quite rare.
What Causes Lithium Batteries to Leak?
과충전
One of the most common causes of lithium battery leaks is overcharging. When a lithium-ion battery is charged past its maximum voltage capacity, the electrolyte fluid inside starts to break down and decompose. This electrolyte decomposition reaction produces gaseous byproducts that build up pressure within the sealed battery casing.
As internal pressure mounts, the seals and safety mechanisms designed to contain the electrolyte can begin to fail. With enough pressure buildup, the electrolyte fluid can essentially get squeezed out through any weak point or micro-fracture in the battery casing.
Overcharging also generates excess heat, which accelerates the breakdown of electrolyte into gaseous compounds. So high voltages combined with heat quickly multiply the internal pressures.
Using the wrong charger or leaving a lithium battery plugged in and charging continuously well past 100% are common causes of overcharging. Smart chargers will stop applying current when the battery is fully charged, but dumb chargers keep pouring in electrons. This electron inflow without any place for them to go is what leads to electrolyte decomposition and eventual leakage.
Lithium battery packs with smart battery management systems are able to monitor 전압 in individual cells and prevent overcharging. This makes a full pack leak far less likely than an overcharged single loose battery. Still, using reputable brand-name batteries and the proper chargers for them is important to avoid exceeding their max voltage threshold.
물리적 손상
Any type of physical damage to the exterior casing of a lithium battery can result in leaks. Dropping, crushing, puncturing, or otherwise mechanically abusing a battery often leads to internal damage that causes electrolyte fluid to leak out.
Lithium batteries have internal separations between the positive and negative electrodes. These separators block the electrodes from making contact and short circuiting the battery. However, excessive physical impacts can break these separators and allow the cathode and anode foils to touch.
When the electrodes contact each other directly, it creates intense heat at the point of contact. This heat can initiate thermal runaway and accelerate exothermic chemical reactions that produce gasses. The battery rapidly balloons up from the gas pressure. At the same time, the local melting of electrodes produces openings for the pressurized gasses to escape along with electrolyte fluid.
Even if the battery is not severely crushed, small punctures to the casing from sharp objects can give the electrolyte a direct escape route. Once the casing is compromised from impact, vibration, swelling, or punctures, the electrolyte has a pathway to gradually seep out over time.
Lithium batteries must be handled with care to prevent drops, collisions, or piercings. While the casing is rigid, it cannot withstand excessive direct force. Prevention is crucial, as physical battery damage nearly always results in leakage.
Manufacturing Defects
While rare, imperfect manufacturing can result in microscopic flaws in the battery casing or internal separators that cause leaks over time. The battery components go through rigorous quality control, but a small percentage of defective units will inevitably get through.
Tiny pinhole leaks in a lithium battery’s casing are difficult to detect but can allow electrolyte fluid to slowly seep out while in use. These pinholes may form from imprecisely joined casing layers or contaminants embedding in the casing during production. Likewise, imperfect seals around terminals, microfractures from stress, and incomplete isolation layers can arise.
Contaminants introduced during the manufacturing process can also cause defects between electrodes. Stray microscopic metal particles are most problematic, potentially poking holes in internal separators. Dendrites or “metal whiskers” can gradually grow over cycles of use and penetrate the separation barrier.
While exotic failures, certain contaminants or chemical reactions with electrodes may produce a corrosive byproduct. This can slowly eat away at the casing or separator material, widening flaws until electrolyte leaks through.
Rigorous quality control processes aim to minimize manufacturing defects through visual and functional testing. However, rare flaws will slip through and cause leaks or early failure only weeks or months into a battery’s life. Reputable manufacturers backed by warranties are the best bet for minimizing risks.
극한의 온도
리튬 배터리를 매우 높거나 매우 낮은 온도에 노출하면 누출 가능성이 높아질 수 있습니다. 배터리 내부의 전해질 유체는 정상적인 주변 온도에서 작동하도록 설계되었습니다. 약 140 ° F를 초과하거나 35 ° F 이하로 이동하면 전해질 용액이 안정적인 작동 범위를 벗어납니다.
매우 낮은 온도에서 전해질 용액은 얼어 붙고 팽창하여 케이싱 내부에 압력을 높일 수 있습니다. 이로 인해 씰과 안전 메커니즘이 실패 할 수 있습니다. 드물지만, 고체상 변화 경험 부피 팽창으로 얼어 붙는 일부 전해질 혼합물은 배터리 벽을 강조합니다.
High temperatures are even more problematic. When batteries get above 140°F, the electrolyte begins to thermally decompose into gaseous compounds. This exponentially accelerates as temperatures continue rising. The expanding hot gasses rapidly build pressure until the casing ruptures.
Cheap, low-quality lithium batteries are most prone to leaking and even catching fire when exposed to temperature extremes inside a hot or cold vehicle. But even quality batteries pose some risk if freezing or overheating conditions persist.
Lithium batteries left in cars during summer heat waves or winter deep freezes are at the highest risk of temperature-related failure. Storing batteries between 40°F and 80°F will minimize any chance of temperature-induced leaks.
How to Tell if Your Lithium Battery is Leaking
Visible Leakage or Deformation
The most obvious indicator that a lithium battery is leaking is visible stains, pooling fluid, or crystallized deposits around the battery or device’s battery compartment. This is often accompanied by a pungent, vinegary odor from the electrolyte solution leaking out. Any wetness, stickiness, or white crystalline buildup around a lithium battery almost certainly indicates it has sprung a major leak.
마찬가지로, 리튬 배터리가 눈에 띄게 풍선, 부어 오르거나 왜곡되면 가스 압력이 내부적으로 구축되어 케이스를 손상 시켰음을 의미합니다. 변형은 전해질 분해로부터 가스를 팽창시켜 내부 분리기 파열로 인해 발생합니다. 배터리 케이스 모양이 변경되면 눈에 보이는 유체 누출이 발생할 수있는 더 큰 위반으로 일반적으로 곧 뒤 따릅니다.
진공 검출 테스트
누출 감지기로 알려진 장치는 가시 전해질이 탈출되기 전에 매우 느린 배터리 누출을 식별 할 수 있습니다. 이 장치는 진공 압력과 가스 센서를 사용하여 미세한 케이싱 위반을 통해 방출되는 무한 양의 전해질 증기를 감지합니다.
의심되는 배터리는 밀봉 된 테스트 챔버에 배치 된 다음 공기를 대피시켜 진공 청소기를 만듭니다. 제어 된 진공이 제조되면 배터리의 작은 핀홀조차도 새는 가스가 침해에서 빠지게됩니다. 누출 감지기의 가스 센서는 이러한 기화 된 전해질 화합물의 미량 추적을 감지 할 수 있습니다.
진공 테스트를받을 때 제대로 작동하는 배터리는 가스를 방출하지 않습니다. 그러나 미세한 핀홀, 골절 된 씰 또는 냉간짜리 케이싱 조인트의 작은 간격과 같은 결함은 포함 된 가스를 배터리에서 꺼낼 수있게합니다. 누출 감지기는 센서가 예상되는 기준 공기 구성 요소 이상을 선택할 때 경보됩니다.
따라서 진공 누출 감지는 충분한 전해질이 유출되기 전에 초기 스테이지 씰 고장으로 배터리를 식별 할 수있게합니다. 주요 누출 및 장치 손상이 발생하기 전에 사전에 교체 할 수 있습니다. 그러나 진공 테스트에는 소비자가 쉽게 이용할 수없는 특수 장비가 필요합니다.
누설 물질 검출
누출이 보이기 전에 리튬 배터리 씰 고장을 감지하기 위해 특수 유체 시약 및 테스트 스트립이 개발되었습니다. 이러한 누설 검출 유체는 리튬 배터리 전해질과 반응하는 화합물을 함유한다. 유체가 미세한 양의 전해질 증기 또는 수분과 접촉하면 색상이 바뀝니다.
누설 감지 유체를 사용하려면 장치에서 배터리를 제거하고 이음선 주위에 유체가 적용되고 면봉으로 터미널 연결이 적용됩니다. 유체가 색상이 변하면 전해질 화합물이 미세한 케이스 위반을 통해 빠져 나오고 있음을 나타냅니다.
시험 스트립은 유사하게 작동하지만 액체 형태가 아닌 전해질 반응성 화합물로 포화된다. 스트립은 배터리 이음새와 터미널에 대해 간단하게 닦으며 색상 변경은 누출을 나타냅니다.
이를 통해 누출 금액이 볼 수없는 경우에도 밀봉 실패를 확인합니다. 가시 누출 단계 전에 결함이있는 배터리를 식별하는 방법을 제공합니다. 그러나 누설 감지 유체 및 스트립은 일반 소비자에게는 널리 이용 가능하지 않습니다. 특수 배터리 또는 전자 공급 업체를 통한 배포가 필요합니다.
진공 방법만큼 민감하지는 않지만 외부 물질 감지는 주요 누출이 발생하기 전에 조기 장애를 확인하고 장치 손상으로 이어지는 접근 가능한 방법을 제공합니다. 이를 통해 결함이있는 유닛을 적극적으로 교체 할 수 있습니다.
리튬 배터리가 누출되면해야 할 일
즉각적인 응급 처치 조치
눈에 띄게 새는 리튬 배터리를 발견하면 전해질과 직접 접촉하지 않고 유출 된 유체가 포함되어 있습니다. 전해질 용액은 부식성이 있고 눈과 피부에 자극적 일 수 있으므로 누출 배터리를 처리 할 때 장갑과 눈 보호를 착용하십시오.
모래, 질 질석 또는 키티 쓰레기와 같은 흡수성 및 절연 재료를 사용하여 풀링되거나 흐르는 전해질을 흡수하십시오. 종이 타월이나 헝겊은 또한 누출을 흡수하는 데 사용될 수 있지만, 즉시 누출을 처리해야합니다. 표면에 전해질을 유지하는 천이나 다공성 재료를 사용하지 마십시오.
튼튼한 밀봉 가방이나 플라스틱 용기에 누출 배터리를 함유하여 유출이나 증기가 탈출하는 것을 방지합니다. 유출을 위해 설계된 누출 방지 위험 저장 백이 이상적입니다. 가능하면 포함 된 배터리를 실외로 이동하십시오.
상당한 전해질이 탈출 한 대규모 누출에는 유해 물질 청소 승무원에게 권장됩니다. 그들은 적절한 중화제와 처분 시설을 가지고있어 무거운 오염을 개선합니다. 그러나 약간의 누출의 경우 적절한 처분 전에 위험을 최소화하기 위해 간단한 조치를 취할 수 있습니다.
장기 청소 및 예방 조치
누출 배터리가 안전하게 포함되면 탈출 한 전해질과 접촉 한 표면을 철저히 청소하십시오. 리튬 배터리 전해질은 휘발성 요소가 증발함에 따라 부식성 잔류 물을 남길 수 있습니다.
리튬 배터리 유출을 위해 설계된 중화 화학 물질을 사용하여 제품 지침에 따라 영향을받는 표면을 제거해야합니다. 가정 식초는 또한 알칼리 전해질 침전물을 중화시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 그러나 식초는 가연성 가스 생산을 유발할 수 있으므로 리튬 재료와 직접 접촉해서는 안됩니다.
전화 나 랩톱과 같은 장치의 경우 인클로저를 분해하고 누출 유체에 도달했을 수있는 내부 구성 요소를 조심스럽게 청소하십시오. 배터리는 전기 분리를 제공해야하지만, 누출이 극단적 인 경우, 이소 프로필 알코올과 전자 보드를 청소하기 위해 항 정적 브러시를 사용하는 것이 권장됩니다. 누출 후 장치를 재 조립하기 전에 표면이 완전히 건조되도록하십시오.
앞으로, 누출로 인한 손상의 징후가 있는지 전자 제품을 검사하십시오. 전해질 노출에 의해 영향을받는 오작동 성분은 교체가 필요할 수 있습니다. 또한 해결되지 않은 배터리 누출 손상을 나타낼 수있는 모든 냄새, 새로운 누출 소리 또는 비정상적인 장치 동작에주의를 기울이십시오. 오염 된 장치는 문제가 지속되면 전문적인 서비스 또는 교체가 필요할 수 있습니다.
배터리를 교체 할 때
Any lithium-ion battery that exhibits visible leaking, swelling, deformation, or damage requires immediate replacement. Batteries with electrolyte actively escaping must be promptly removed from devices and properly discarded. These visible warning signs mean the battery has been compromised and likely sustained internal short circuits or component failures.
Likewise, lithium batteries that fail vacuum or substance leakage tests need to be replaced. Even tiny leaks detected through these methods can signal flaws likely to worsen into major leakage with more use. Early failures from manufacturing defects also warrant battery replacement.
For multi-cell battery packs, the whole pack may need replacement if any individual cell leaked. The spilled electrolyte can potentially migrate between cells within a battery housing and cause undetected corrosion damage. Leaks also compromise the physical-electrical connections between cells in a pack. Replacing the entire pack avoids future issues.
While not every battery reaches end of useful life due to leaks, any battery exhibiting leakage, deformity, strange odors, or abnormal performance characteristics should be retired from service immediately. Don’t take chances on troubled batteries leading to dangerous failures.
Preventing Lithium Battery Leaks
Proper Storage Conditions
Storing lithium-ion batteries properly is key to preventing leaks or damage that can lead to seal failures. Ideal storage conditions keep batteries between 40-80°F and avoid temperature extremes or wide fluctuations.
Batteries should be kept in a dry location with minimal humidity. Moisture can penetrate the casing over long storage periods and cause internal corrosion. Direct sunlight or heat sources should also be avoided to prevent overheating batteries beyond their safe operating range.
For long-term battery storage exceeding a month, insulated containers or temperature regulating boxes help maintain the ideal 40-80°F window. Silica gel desiccant packets can also be added to storage containers to control humidity.
Batteries discharge slightly over time while in storage. Storing them at around a 40% charge state is optimal for preventing damage from full discharge or overload at 100% charge. Fridge temperatures below 40°F are not recommended for lithium-ion batteries long-term.
Keeping batteries in passively temperature-controlled environments and avoiding moisture, extreme cold, or intense heat minimizes risk of seal failures and leakage over time. Proper storage is the first line of defense against leaks.
과충전 방지
One of the most preventable causes of lithium battery leakage is overcharging. Charging batteries past their maximum voltage rating builds up internal pressure that can rupture seals.
It’s crucial to use the proper charger for the specific type of lithium battery and follow charging guidelines. Chargers for Li-ion batteries have circuitry to stop charging when full. Generic or mismatched chargers may overcharge. Never leave batteries charging unattended for extended periods.
Fully charged batteries should be promptly removed from chargers. For devices like laptops, avoid constantly using them while plugged into chargers once fully charged. The trickle charge can still gradually overcharge the battery over time.
Battery protection circuits and “smart” charging technology have vastly improved to prevent overcharging when used properly. But buying quality, brand-name batteries and certified chargers remains important. Reputable brands are less likely to have defects leading to overcharge leakage failures.
Regular Inspections
Periodically inspecting lithium batteries can help detect early signs of damage or flaws that may lead to leaks down the line. Giving batteries a quick visual and tactile inspection monthly is a good habit.
Look for any noticeable swelling or deformation in the casing, as this indicates dangerous gas buildup and imminent failure. Also check for discoloration, dents, cracks or punctures that may compromise seals. Wipe down the battery and look for signs of crystalline electrolyte deposits.
Use your nose too. Give batteries an occasional sniff test and be alert for any acrid or vinegary odors that could indicate a breach and leakage. Any detected off-gassing or odd smells warrant swapping out a suspect battery.
While not foolproof, regular inspections allow you to catch problems in early stages before catastrophic failures. Monitoring battery condition gives you the chance to replace units exhibiting flaws well before major leaks develop. Just a few minutes per month can prevent bigger issues.
Precautions for Handling
Lithium batteries should be handled with care to avoid physical damage that could cause leaks. Dropping, crushing, puncturing or piercing batteries can break seals and protective housings.
Avoid storing loose lithium batteries where metal objects may contact or press into the casing. Keys, coins, tools, and other metal items shorting the terminals can spark dangerous failures. Never transport loose batteries in pockets containing metal.
When installing batteries, make sure polarity alignments are correct. Attempting to force a backwards battery into a device may damage terminals or protective circuits. Inserting batteries in the wrong orientation can cause immediate shorts.
Do not attempt to pry swollen batteries from devices or use tools to scrape away leaking deposits forcefully. This may further damage the battery and release more electrolyte. Swelling should prompt immediate device disassembly to gently access and remove batteries.
While designed to be rugged, lithium-ion batteries still require prudent handling to prevent compromising their durable casings. Careful handling minimizes the risk of physical defects that lead to hazardous leaks.
Using the Right Battery Type
Using only properly specced lithium-ion batteries from reputable brands for a given device is important to avoid leaks. Generic knock-off or incompatible batteries are more prone to seal failures and leakage.
Research the specific lithium-ion battery type, voltage, connector shape, capacity, and dimensions needed for a device. Matching the replacement battery specifications precisely avoids issues. Avoid no-name generic batteries with vague or exaggerated ratings.
Stick to major consumer battery brands that provide detailed technical specifications and performance data for their batteries. Reputable manufacturers like 홀로 배터리 have stringent quality control and safety testing that minimize risks of leaks. The batteries are engineered specifically for liability-averse major device makers.
While usually cheaper, generic lithium batteries may cut corners on insulation, gas vents, casing integrity, or other safety factors. The eBay special batteries claiming “high capacity” are most suspect. Sacrificing safety for marginal gains in capacity quickly backfires once they leak. Invest in quality batteries engineered for safety and longevity.
FAQs About Lithium Battery Leaks
What are the risks if my lithium battery starts leaking?
Lithium battery leaks pose risks of skin, eye and respiratory irritation from the electrolyte fluid and fumes. Corrosive damage to the device components and surfaces exposed to leaking fluids is also a hazard to consider.
How can I identify signs of leakage in my lithium-ion battery?
Visible stains, crusty deposits, acrid odors, deformation/swelling of the battery, or fluid inside the device’s battery compartment are clear signs of lithium-ion battery leakage.
Is the liquid from a leaking battery hazardous?
Yes, the electrolyte fluid inside lithium batteries is corrosive and can irritate eyes, skin, and mucous membranes upon contact. Proper protective equipment should be used when handling.
What level of toxicity do the vapors from a leaking lithium battery have?
The fumes from leaking lithium battery electrolyte are considered moderately toxic and can cause respiratory irritation at high concentrations, but ventilate areas to avoid significant exposure.
Are fumes emitted when lithium-ion batteries leak hazardous at all?
Fumes from leaking lithium-ion batteries can be irritating if inhaled, so ventilation is recommended. However, serious toxicity is unlikely with incidental exposures under normal ventilated conditions.
결론
While lithium battery leaks aren’t exceedingly common, being prepared with knowledge helps take the stress out of any potential incidents.
By understanding what causes leaks and learning proper handling, storage, and inspection, you can avoid many issues to begin with.
If a leak does occur, following safety precautions and cleanup steps can resolve it. And identifying any warning signs early allows proactive replacement of defective batteries before major failures.
