Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha:
- Ukuxhaphaka kunye nokusebenza: Ibhetri yeLithium-ion isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukungcungcutheka kwabo amandla aphezulu kwaye akukho nto. Basebenza ngokuhamba okufihlakeleyo kwe-lithium ye-lithium phakathi kwe-canode kunye ne-anode.
- Ukungaphumeleli kubangela: Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokungaphumeleli kwebhetri zibandakanya ukukhutshwa kwe-elektrolyte, ukwahlulahlulahlula i-oxegen, ukutshaja okungalawulekiyo, ukutshaja okungalawulekiyo, ukutshabalala ngokukhawuleza kwamaqondo obushushu, kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso.
- Izicwangciso zoThintelo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubuchwephesha bebhetri ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweeseli ezikumgangatho ophezulu, uyilo lwebhetri esebenzayo, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri ethembekileyo (BMS).
- I-BMS ukubaluleka kunye neempawu: I-BMS kubalulekile ekujongeni i-voltage, ubushushu, kunye neselfowuni. Kuya kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho yokhuseleko efana ne-UL 1642 kunye neC 62133 yeeseli, kunye ne-UL 991 okanye uL yo-1998 kwisoftware ye-BMS.
Ibhetri ye-lithium-ion Zijikeleze thina, silawula ii-smart, iilaptops zethu, izithuthi zombane, kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ahlaziyiweyo.
Kule posi, siya kuphonononga iziseko zezi zibhengezo, kubandakanya indlela abasebenza ngayo, izibonelelo zabo, ukungaphumeleli iziqhelo zibangela, iindlela zokuthintela.
Kutheni usebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion?
Ibhetri yeLithium-ion ithandwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu. Bangaphezulu kakhulu ukuba bakhokele-i-acid, i-nickel-cadmium, kunye ne-nicker-ray-intsimbi ye-hydride ye-hydride i-volues kuyo yomibini levolumu kunye nokuxinana kwamandla okusekwe kumandla.
Inguqu evela kwi-Nickel-Cadmium kwi-Nickel-Metal Hydride Butteries ikhokelele ekusebenziseni ngokubanzi kweebhetri ze-liium-ion. Ezi bheli azinikezeli kuphela uxinano lwamandla oluphezulu kodwa alunangxaki. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani babo abuchaphazelekanga yintlawulo epheleleyo okanye epheleleyo okanye ukukhutshwa.
Ngaphandle koko, ibhetrium ye-lithium-ion inetyhefu esezantsi. Ngakumbi i I-Lithium ye-Inyibilium phosphatele, azinazo izinyithi ezinzima njenge-cobalt. Kananjalo, banobunye ubomi bobomi banye kwezomchwepheshi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Isebenza njani i-lithium-ion?
Ukuqonda iinkxalabo zokhuseleko ezijikeleze i-Lithium-ion ibhetri, kubalulekile ukuba uzisebenzise njani. Njengayo nayiphi na iseli ye-electrochemical, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iquka i-canode kunye ne-anode. I-Cathode ihlala iqulethe i-lithium, njenge-lithium oxiium oxiium okanye i-lithimu ye-phosphate, ngelixa i-anode idla ngokwegrafu.
Xa ubiza ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, i-ion ye-lithium (ifanelwe ngamachaphaza amnyama) isuka kwi-lithium oxide ityuwa kwigrafu kwigrafiki. Le ntshukumo, eyaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlangana, ayibandakanyi ukusebenzisana ngqo phakathi kwee-ion kunye nee-elektroni. Endaweni yoko, i-elektroni ihamba kwikati kwi-anode, apho basabela khona ngekhabhoni kwifomati.
Kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba ngokungafaniyo neebhetri ze-lithium zentsimbi, ezingasasebenziyo, i-Lithium-i-ion-ion ivumela ukuqulunqwa kwecandelo le-lithium. Olu luhlu lweendawo zokuvelisa lubonelela ngoJohn Goodenough kwaye uWinningham iBhaso le-Nobel kwiChemistry. I-lithium i-i-lithium ifakwe kwi-ofisi ye-onlictrolyte ye-organic, enika intshukumo yawo yangasemva phakathi kwe-anode kunye ne-thehode.
Kweli nxalenye ilandelayo, siya kumba ngaphezulu kwi-electrolyte ye-olganic kunye nomsebenzi wayo wokunceda ukusebenza kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
I-LCO, LMO, NCA
Masiqale ngokuxoxa nge-cahode kunye neesaliti ze-lithium zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion. Eyokuqala esiya kufundwa yi-Lithium cobalt oxide, exhaphake kakhulu kwiilaptops, izixhobo zamandla, kunye neeselfowuni. Xa ibhetri iphosa ibhetri, i-lithium yahlukana ne-lithium cobalt oxide, ukukhulula i-elektroni ehamba kwitshaja kwi-anode. Le nkqubo ishiya i-cobalt oxide kwi-cahode.
Enye ityiwa isetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-cathodede yi-lithium manganese oxide oxide. Olu hlobo lwe-canode lusetyenziswe kwigqabi le-Nissan kwaye inokufumaneka kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zeTSLA njengemodeli s, model 3, kunye nemodeli x.
Okokugqibela, sine-Lithium ye-lithium ye-i-lithim cobanum oxide, ehambisa owona mthamo wamandla owona mandla kunye nevolumu.
Unobangela wokungaphumeleli kwebhetri ye-li-ion
Ukwenzela ukuthintela ukusilela kwebhetri ye-li-ion, kubalulekile ukuba wazi izinto ezinokukhokelela kwimicimbi enjalo. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye izinto eziqhelekileyo.
I-onlictrolyte ye-Electrolyte
Ukuba ibhetri ye-lion ishushu kakhulu, i-electrolyte ye-organic ngaphakathi inokuphuma. Oku kukhukuliseko kunyusa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ngaphakathi kwiseli. Ngenxa yoko, ibhetri inokuxhuzula, ibonisa ubukho beemeko eziyingozi.
Ukwahlulahlulahlula
I-LI-ion ye-LION ihlala isebenzisa umahluli we-Polythylene okanye iPolypropylene. Xa ityhilwe ngamaqondo obushushu ajikeleze i-80 degrees Celsius (170-180 degrees fahrees), lohlulelwano unokunyibilika. Ukunyibilika komkhawulo kuvumela i-Anode kwaye i-cathode ukuba inxibelelane, ekhokelela kwisekethe emfutshane yangaphakathi kwaye ivelisa ubushushu obongezelelweyo.
Ukukhutshwa kweoksijini kunye nokuphendula okungalawulekiyo
Xa ibhetri ye-lion ifikelela kubushushu obuphakamileyo, ioksijini ekhoyo kwizixhobo ze-InObalt of Lithium Oxide, i-Lithium Manganese Oxide, okanye i-Lithium ye-Nichim Cobanum i-Aluminum ikhutshwe. Oku kukhutshwa ioksijini inokusabela ngokuphuma kwe-elektrolyte, ibangela ukungaphendulwa kweekhemikhali. Isekethe eqhubekayo yokuqhubela phambili le meko, yenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyilungisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukungalawulwa ngokungalawulwa
Ukuphathelela ibhetri okanye ukuyithobela kwityala elingalawulekiyo kunokukhokelela ekumiselweni kwe-lithium yentsimbi kwi-anode. I-elektroni ezigqithisileyo zidibanisa nge-ILINIM i-IOION, ezenza amancindi ezikhula kwi-electrolyte nakwi-Mathode. La maxabiso anokwenza imijikelezo emifutshane yangaphakathi, ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu.
Ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi
Ukutshaja ibhetri kwimijelo ephezulu kakhulu okanye amaqondo obushushu asezantsi anokuthintela ukuhamba kweLithium ion kwi-anode. Ngenxa yoko, ii-elektroni ezingaphezulu zinokuqokelela kwi-Anode, zibangela ukubethwa kwe-lithium zentsimbi kunye nesekethe ezifutshane zangaphakathi.
Gcwalisa ngaphandle
Kulumkele ukuhambisa ngokupheleleyo isisele se-lithium-ion. Ukukhupha ngaphezulu-kunokubangela ukuba umqokeleli wobhedu kwi-anode ukuba achithe i-electrolyte. Xa usanduluka, ubhedu lungaguquka, kodwa hayi kwisimo sayo esifana ne-foil. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubekweni kobhedu kwaye kukhokelela kwisiphaluka esifutshane esingaphakathi.
Ukuveliswa kweseli kakubi kunye nongcoliseko
I-Li-ion yebhetri yebhetri inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuvelisa iziphoso okanye ubukho bokungcola ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ezi zinto zityumkileyo zinokuzisa ungcoliseko okanye iinkcukacha ezingena kwibhetri, ezikhokelela kwimijikelezo emifutshane yangaphakathi okanye yokuphendula engafunekiyo eyenza ukonakaliswa kwezakhono.
Ngokuqonda nokujongana nezi zinto zibangela i-li-ion, sinokusebenza ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko lwebhetri, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuhlala ubomi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwebhetri
Ukuthintela imiba kwishishini lebhetri kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo okuqhubekayo. Kukho amanqanaba amathathu aphambili anokuthatyathwa ekunciphiseni ngokufanelekileyo ukuvela kweengxaki.
Okokuqala nokuphambili, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho weeseli zebhetri kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngolwando olukhawulezileyo lweshishini, indawo ezininzi zokwenza iiseli zeseli, ngakumbi eTshayina, zivele. Kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe iiseli ezikumgangatho ophezulu kubavelisi abadumileyo. Ezinye iindawo ziyaqhayisa ngaphezulu-kwi-intanethi, iinkqubo eziphakamileyo zeteknoloji, ngelixa ezinye zinokungafikeleli kwimigangatho efanayo. Ukukhetha umgangatho weselfowuni Inempembelelo ngqo yokusebenza ngokubanzi nokunyaniseka.
Uyilo lwepakethe yebhetri likwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni izehlo. Iipakethi zebhetri ziqukethe iiseli ezininzi iiseli ezilungiselelwe uthotho kunye nokucwangciswa okufanayo, ukudala i-voltage oyifunayo kunye nenqanaba langoku. Xa uyila ipakethe, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukungabonakali ubushushu obusebenzayo kwimeko yeziganeko ezingalindelekanga. Ukuqonda ukuba iya kuphendula njani ipakethe kwimicimbi enokubakho ibalulekile ekugcineni ukhuseleko. Ngaphaya koko, ukuba le nkqubo ifuna ukuhambisa izixa ezikhulu zangoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo ngokusasazwa ngokuhanjiswa kunye neebhodi zesekethe zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kwi-crux kuyo yonke le nkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS). Esi sixhobo sisebenza njengomgcini webhetri, ukuqhubeka nokubeka i-voltages, imijikelezo, kunye namaqondo obushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiseli zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo. Kuyo nayiphi na ipakeji ye-lithium-ion, ubukho bee-BM ezihlanganisiweyo okanye zangaphandle zibalulekile ukukhusela iiseli. I-BMS ayikuphumeza ukhuseleko kodwa ikwandise ubomi obude beebhetri. Ngenxa yokuba iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zinokuphucula izixhobo zokugcina eziqhelekileyo ngumda obalulekileyo, iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokubeka phambili ukukhusela kwabo ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.
Ukuthintela imiba kwishishini lebhetri efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kumgangatho weseli, uyilo, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri ethembekileyo. La manyathelo adibeneyo anegalelo kukhuseleko olupheleleyo kunye nokuqina kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ukunika ishishini ukuba liphumelele ngelixa inciphisa umngcipheko onokubakho.
Ukubaluleka kweenkqubo zoLawulo zebhetri
Inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (i-BMS) idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujongani nasekulawuleni i-voltages, imijikelezo, kunye namaqondo obushushu ebhetri. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri isebenza ngaphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo. Ukuba i-BMS ichonga nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga okanye idlula imida yeseli, inamandla okuphazamisa ukutshaja okanye inkqubo yokukhupha.
Ngeempawu ezilula, ii-BMs zigcina iliso kwiimpawu ezibalulekileyo zebhetri. Ihlala ijonga amanqanaba e-voltage, ukuhamba kwangoku, kunye neqondo lobushushu lokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle. Ukuba ibona nayiphi na imiba, njengokushushu kakhulu okanye i-voltage engaqhelekanga, inokuthatha inyathelo lokukhusela ibhetri.
Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili ye-BMS kukuthintela ukufaka ibhetri. Ukunyanzelwa kunokubangela ukonakaliswa kweeseli zebhetri kwaye kuncitshiswe ixesha lazo lokuphila, ngelixa ukugqithisa okungaphezulu kunokukhokelela ekuphenduleni kwentsebenzo. I-BMS iqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri ifumana isixa esifanelekileyo sentlawulo kwaye siyayithintela ukuba izele kakhulu okanye ingenanto kakhulu.
Cinga ngee-BMs njengomgcini webhetri. Ihlala ijonge, ilungele ukungena ngaphakathi kwaye ikhusele ibhetri ukuba ingonakalisi. Ngokubeka iliso nokulawula iiparamitha zebhetri, ii-BMs zinceda ukwandisa i-Liespan iyonke kwaye igcine ukusebenza kakuhle.
Zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho kwi-BMS?
Sifuna ukwabelana ngoluvo lwam kwezona mfuno zisezantsi ze-BMS ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobomi bepakethe.
Okokuqala, ukukhuselwa kwe-voltage kubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuthintela ukuphuphuma okungaphezulu kunye nokungaphezulu kwebhetri. Kufuneka sigcine i-voltage ekhuselekileyo iqaphela ukunqanda ukonakalisa iiseli kwaye yandise ubomi bawo. Ngendlela, kufuneka siqwalasele ukuthintela ipakethi yokuhambisa imikhosi egqitha isikhundla sayo, kungekuphela nje kwindawo yonke.
Ukhuseleko lobushushu yenye into ebalulekileyo. Xa amaqondo obushushu anyuka kakhulu, inokukhokelela kwimingcipheko enokubakho kunye nokusilela. Ke ngoko, ukuba neendlela ezikhoyo zokubeka esweni nokulawula amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kubalulekile. Ngokufanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba neqondo lokushisa eliphantsi ukhuseleko lokuthintela imiba efana ne-Lithium plated kwi-anode ngenxa yeemeko ezibandayo kakhulu.
Ngaphaya koko, inqaku elinye eliluncedo, nangona lingekufunekanga ngokupheleleyo, kukukwazi ukulungelelanisa iiseli ngothotho. Iiseli ezifanayo ngokwemvelo zabelana ngokokwangoku kunye nevolthi, kodwa iiseli ngoluhlu azisebenzi. Ukugcina imeko efanayo yentlawulo (SOC) phakathi kweeseli, indlela yokulinganisa okanye amandla okwabelana ngoku
Okokugqibela, ngeli xesha sasingakhange sixubushe imigangatho ethile yovavanyo lweqela lesithathu, kufanelekile ukuba likhankanywe ukuba kukho imigangatho ekhoyo esebenzisa iilebhu zovavanyo lombutho wesithathu.
Imigangatho
Kuhlala kusoloko kudideka ngokubhekisele kuluhlu olwahlukileyo lweeseli, iipakethi zebhetri, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri. Makhe sichaze izinto kancinci. Iiseli ze-lithium-ion zinokuvavanywa kwaye zidweliswe ngokwe-UL 1642 okanye iec 62133 imigangatho.
Iipakethi zebhetri, kwelinye icala, zineentshukumo zazo. Banokudweliswa phantsi kwe-UL 2050 okanye i-UL 1973, zombini ezifuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-UL 1642 njengemfuneko eyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-UL 1642 ngokwayo ayilulo uluhlu lwepakethi kodwa endaweni yoko iyimfuneko kwezi zidwebe.
Kwilinge lokuzama ukwenza uluhlu olusebenzayo kuzo zombini iiseli kunye neepakethi, i-IEC yazisa iec 62133. Nangona kunjalo, kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba iinkqubo zolawulo lwebhetri zikwanazo nezinto zabo zolawulo.
Kwizixhobo zexhobo, ii-BMS zinokudweliswa kwi-UL 991, ngelixa isoftware, inokudweliswa kwi-UL yo-1998 okanye iec 60730-1. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-UL 991 kunye ne-UL yonyaka ka-1998 ayizizo izinto eziphambili ze-UL 2054 okanye i-UL 1973 uluhlu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ii-BMS zakho azidweliswanga kule migangatho, kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze uvavanyo kusetyenziswa iimeko ezigwenxa ukuqinisekisa ukuba nakwisiganeko sokusilela, imeko eyingozi ayidalwanga.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba olu ayiloluhlu olungapheliyo lwemigangatho, kodwa bendifuna ukuqaqambisa ubukho babo kwaye banike ingcaciso.
Ukuqukumbela
Ngokuqonda umgaqo-nkqubo weLithium-i-ion kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo izinto ezinje ngomgangatho weseli, uyilo, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri eyomeleleyo, sinokuphucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Ukubambelela kwimigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo olucokisekileyo ngegalelo kusetyenziso olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lweebhetri zeLithium-ion.
Ngokuqhubeka ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokugxila kukhuseleko, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion kuya kuqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwilizwe lethu lemimandla, ukulawula izicelo ezahlukeneyo ngelixa kunciphisa umngcipheko.
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